The Great Pittsburgh and San Diego 2007 Fires Essay

The Great Pittsburgh and San Diego 2007 Fires - Essay Example The exposition The Great Pittsburgh and San Diego 2007 Fires talks about the components that prompted the incomparable Pittsburgh and San Diego 2007 flames that occurred on April tenth at 12 o’clock and their outcomes. The Great Fire of Pittsburgh occurred on April tenth at 12 o’clock. It separated in some casing structures that were situated toward the Southeast of Ferry and Second Street in Pittsburgh. Fourteen days preceding the fire break out, the climate was dry with high breezes winning generally. At the point when the fire was found, the breezes were blowing straight from a few focuses north of west. Inside a brief timeframe, the fire blazes had spread to the square. The wind’s speed expanded prompting more structures bursting into flames. In a brief period, 33% of the city was immersed and devoured by the fire. The fire additionally reached out to the Ferry side of Third Street stretching out further to Kensington town and annihilated it as well. The regi on that was singed included numerous organizations and important manufacturing plants. The misfortune added up to roughly, $8,000,000. The development and spread of the fire were brought about by solid dry breezes that were blowing in the town. In that capacity, the dry climate conditions combined with solid seething breezes in this manner prompted the spread of the fire to different structures. Furthermore, Pittsburgh around then had uncontrolled/indiscriminate turn of events. This brought about an interwoven of homes and rich organizations. These rich individuals intermixed with different laborers who were nearby, and who lived in wooden structures.

Typhus Infectious Disease and South America Free Essays

Pandemics are ailment that spread over a nation or the world. Typhus is a case of a pandemic. Typhus is a bacterial illness that is spread by lice and bugs. We will compose a custom article test on Typhus: Infectious Disease and South America or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Brill Zinsser is the pioneer of the illness and typhus is otherwise called â€Å"Brill Zinsser Disease†. Two kinds of most regular typhus are endemic and murine. Endemic typhus is generally found in places with cold temperature, endemic typhus are now and then called â€Å"jail fever† or â€Å"camp fever† in light of the fact that typhus slaughtered a huge number of individuals of detainees in the Nazi death camp in World War II. The other sort of typhus is murine. Murine typhus is generally observed during summer or fall. It for the most part happens in southern piece of U. S and territories around the equator in light of the fact that the temperature is hot. Typhus is first recorded typhus pandemic was the Plague of Athens in 420 B. C. This pandemic murdered many individuals on the grounds that such huge numbers of individuals were contaminated. It had murdered a huge number of individuals during the Plague of Athens in view of typhus. It was spreading all through spots due to the tainted rodent and mice. It was later spread to South America a short time later. A portion of the manifestations of typhus are spinal pain, migraine, muscle torment, and it additionally causes a red rash at the focal point of the chest barely any hours after disease. It likewise causes low pulse. There are likewise approaches to forestall getting typhus. One path is to stay away from territories with bugs and lice, another route is to simply be spotless, and use bug spray to execute lice. In the event that individuals truly have lice, they can heat up their garments for around 5 days to kill lice. There are scarcely any anti-infection agents medicines for typhus, doxycycline, antibiotic medication, and Chloramphenicol, which is the less normal. Typhus had affected society from various perspectives. It had changed numerous things in the general public. Typhus had executed many individuals since the commencement. It additionally prompted numerous improvement of medication. The meds are as yet utilized in the general public today to fix other illness. Since typhus generally happen in places that have poor cleanliness and filthy zones, presently individuals mindful increasingly about their cleanness. This makes individuals keep their homes, territories clean so they can keep typhus from influencing them. Instructions to refer to Typhus: Infectious Disease and South America, Papers

Operating Systems

Question: Talk about the Operating Systems. Answer: Presentation Working System or OS is programming that interfaces a client to the framework which gives basic administrations to all the projects in the framework. Everything requires the OS to run aside from the firmware. Operating system can be named as the extension between the clients and the PC that helps in playing out the assignment effortlessly. It is the most significant program that should be introduced in the PC so the PC can run any sort of outsider projects and applications. It additionally helps in playing out the fundamental undertakings, for example, it controls the info and yield, monitoring documents in the indexes, oversees space and furthermore helps in controlling the peripherals, for example, consoles, mouse and some more. It additionally helps in running different applications one after another likewise it ensures that applications doesn't crash. With bigger frameworks, the working framework has considerably more prominent errand to perform like taking care of numerous thing s at an equivalent time, performing basic undertakings and permits multithreading in order to permit various applications in various space. There are various kinds of working framework, for example, Single and Multi-Tasking OS, Single and Multi-User OS, Templated, Embedded, Real-time and Library. Working frameworks can be arranged into various kinds like Microsoft Windows, Linux, MacOS and Solaris (Jobs et al., 2014). Multi-User Operating System A Computer Operating framework offers Multi-User Operating framework that permits a few clients to take a shot at various frameworks or terminals with the goal that they can get to the mutual OS everywhere throughout the terminal. The issue with this is it is very confounded and are vital according to the necessities of various clients the individuals who are associated on a similar system. Multi client OS offers access to clients who are in similar terminals that gives them the entrance to the terminal just as to different frameworks on a similar framework, for example, the scanner and printers. It is especially not quite the same as the Single User OS as in Single client, just one use accountable for the entire system while on Multi client; various clients can share on a similar system and access various peripherals from separation. The working framework is the most significant thing as it gives numerous clients to get to a similar terminal while utilizing just a single OS. It is likewise oversees memory and monitors the preparing of various types of use and projects that sudden spike in demand for the framework. It additionally perceives the peripherals and furthermore helps in dealing with the client connection and aides in checking the information demands. It is significant for the framework which is gotten to by different clients as it requires the framework to work appropriately and all the solicitation that are send ought to be recognized as quick as possible with the goal that the work goes easily and if there is any trouble playing out the errands, the OS can advise the clients. These are basically utilized by the centralized computers and the principle issue with the multi client OS is that, if for reasons unknown the framework falls flat, it would influence several clients who are associated with the s ystem. Multi clients permits every one of them to get to the normal information and procedure them simultaneously in a solitary framework which are associated with a greater framework through wired associations extreme these days remote association is additionally potential (Stallings, 2014). Organizations and workplaces regularly utilize the Multi User OS where there are various clients who need to have a similar data yet can't be introduced especially to every PC. The OS ought to be equipped for taking care of the considerable number of undertakings successfully and ought to satisfy various types of necessities and solicitations that the clients make. Multi User OS has a tremendous obligation on the OS as it needs to give all the clients similar assets so as to work effectively by dealing with the use of the assets and saving the designations for assets independently. This demonstration guarantees that it is doesn't upset with the exertion of another client and regardless of whether there is any mistake, it doesn't influence the entire framework or various clients who are associated with the system. Thus, it turns out to be very convoluted as it needs to distribute assets to various clients so they can accomplish their work with no issue so it turns out to be increasing ly hard to execute as on account of Single User OS, the OS needs to deal with a wide range of activities and solicitations from a solitary client (Kim, Lee Sohn, 2016). Multi client permits the clients to have a similar record over a similar system without utilizing any outside drives and it very well may be sent to any degree of the association that are associated over a similar system. Multi client OS additionally permits the clients to get to various records from various frameworks and if any progressions are required it tends to be managed with no issue. Additionally, if there is any issue with a solitary framework, it doesn't influence different frameworks that are associated with a similar system. The fundamental preferred position of utilizing this sort of OS is that it offers time sharing which guarantees that no two assignments are executing simultaneously. In the event that there is a line, it guarantees that the errand with less time is executed first so others need not to hang tight for the person who will require the most extreme time (Karlsson Eriksson, 2014). The working framework offers seclusion to each procedure from different clie nts which gives them the opportunity to execute all the errands simultaneously. There are barely any inconveniences likewise utilizing the multi client working framework that if the system crumples, each framework associated with the system will go down and no undertakings will perform. Additionally, utilizing this OS gives different clients to get to the documents from various framework which can be very risky as this gives different clients the position to control the information or even take it. Associated with a similar system implies if there is an assault on the system, each and every framework should endure and all the individual documents will get taken. History Background Microsoft discharged a gathering of server working framework under the brand name of Windows Server. The primary windows server version that was discharged by Microsoft was named as the Windows Server 2003 anyway the absolute first server release that was discharged for the general population were Windows NT 3.1 which were later trailed by cutting edge Windows NT 3.5, Windows NT 4.0 and Windows Server 2000 Server (Stallings, 2014). The Windows Server 2000 was the absolute first server to incorporate Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Group Policy and numerous different highlights which are utilized today (Walter Karlsson, 2014). The Windows Server is comprehensively characterized into four significant time known as the NT Era (1993-1996), Active Directory Era (2000-2005), The Visualization Era (2008-2013) and Cloud Era (2016-to introduce). The NT Era 1993 The first historically speaking server that was discharged by Microsoft was the NT Server 3.1 which depended on a 32-piece engineering. It was discharged on 27th July, 1993. It is an augmentation for the very carbon copy Windows 3.1. It was created by Microsoft with the assistance of IBM and was planned to revamp as OS/2 working framework (Stallings, 2014). 1994 The second cycle of Windows Server was discharged on 21st September, 1994 and was named as NT Server 3.5. It pointed in improving the exhibition and strength gives that were available in NT 3.1. With NT .5, the absolute first Workstation and Server were presented in the market. With the presentation of these, the NT changed to NT Advanced server. It additionally included Winsock and TCP/IP which is an immense improvement from the past adaptation. 1995 The third portion from Windows server line up was the NT Server 3.51. The rendition was discharged in the year 1995 in the long stretch of May. It was a gradual update from the past variant however there were some significant changes like the consideration of PowerPC Architecture. It additionally included customer/server support, PCMCIA support; NTFS record pressure, 3D support in OpenGL, tireless IP courses which utilizes the TCP/IP and ToolTips. 1996 The fourth emphasis was discharged on 31st July, 1996 and was named as the NT Server 4.0. It incorporated the Windows Shell and furthermore utilized the documentation of My. There were a few upgrades like high goals shading symbols, backdrop extending and a lot more highlights. It was the last discharge which underpins the Alpha, MIPS or PowerPC design (Walter Karlsson, 2014). The Active Directory Era 2000 Windows Server 2000 was a significant discharge and was the fifth form in the Microsoft Server lineup. It was discharged in the year 1999 on fifteenth December and later it was retailed on seventeenth February, 2000. It was authoritatively the last form to utilize the Windows NT assignment. It was discharged with 3 forms to be specific Server, Advanced Server and Datacenter which was intended to work with the Windows 2000 Professional work area OS. It was likewise a significant discharge since it had the absolute first Active Directory Services alongside NTFS 3.0, EFS, DFS and some more (Tulloch Team, 2013). 2003 The sixth rendition of Windows Server family was discharged on 24th July 2003. It included XP GUI, improved execution and strength, better security highlights and an upgraded Active Directory Service. Microsoft additionally consolidated the .NET Framework and .NET marking. It bolsters the working of more established applications and better organization apparatuses to facilitate the working from NT 4.0 (Walter Karlsson, 2014). 2005 The following emphasis of the Windows line up was the Windows Server 2003 R2 which was discharged in sixth December 2005. It was discharged for both 32-piece and 64-piece stages. The key highlights that were remembered for this rendition were Centralized administration devices, upgraded DFS, improved WAN information replication, better extranet support, secret phrase synchronization, stockpiling administrator and a lot increasingly clever highlights (Stanek, 2013). The Virtualization Era 2008 The eighth rendition of the lineup was named as the Windows Server 2008 which was discharged on 27th February 2008 and is the immediate replacement of Windows Server 2003 R2. Server Core was presented for the absolute first time which was formally the spine for t

Socrates Essay - 550 Words

Socrates (Essay Sample) Content: SocratesStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutional AffiliationSocratesThere are stories that change the way people imagine, think and dream. The death of Socrates is such a story that has continued to influence the culture of the west. Only the death of Jesus has often been compared to that of Socrates due to its controversial nature. Socratesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s trial is the first case in history where a democratic government followed the due process to condemn a person to death for his beliefs. Athens considered as one of the earliest democracies was responsible for the birth of Socrates, his education and finally sentenced him to death for corrupting the young minds and for religious unorthodoxy (Wilson, 2007).Socrates appeared before a jury for refusing to recognize the gods who were recognized by the rest of the state and for corrupting the youth. After hearing the arguments of Socrates and his accusersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬, the jury was asked to vote on whether Socrates was guilty or not. Most of the members of the jury voted that he was guilty. Nevertheless, Socrates was given an opportunity to determine his own punishment. Death was not an option for any ordinary person. However, Socrates did not choose exile but opted for a sarcastic recommendation to be rewarded for his actions (Wilson, 2007). Finally, the jury selected death as Socrates punishment. The law prescribed death by drinking poison, which was a cup of hemlock. Socrates was happy for the opportunity to die by hemlock. According to Socrates, dying by hemlock had three advantages and I quote "it is clear that I will get a chance to death which has been judged easiest or least painful; the death which causes least trouble to oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s family and friends; and the death which makes people feel most grieved for the deceased" (Wilson, 2007).Surrounded by his friends and student, Socrates drunk the cup of poison and walked about and later complained that his legs were heavy. As advised by the jailor, he lay on his back and was examined just as a physician would examine a patient. The man who administered the poison placed his hands on Socrates to feel his legs and feet. His feet were pinched, and he felt nothing. After that, his thigh upwards became numb, cold and rigid. When the poison reached his heart, Socrates said his last words, "Crito, we owe a cock to Asclepius." (Wilson, 2007).According to Socrates, death is not the last and the worst evil in the world. In fact, Socrates believed that his death sentence was good rather than evil. Death is good according to Socrates because it is simply a state of utter unconsciousness and nothingness. Moreover, death is also the migration and change of the soul to its resting place (Wilson, 2007). However, Socrates proposed that if unconsciousness were not present, then death would be like a sleep of a person undisturbed by even a dream. Such a death would be an unspeakable gain to Socrates. Furthermore, Socrates believed that he would die over and over again just to have conversations with Musaems, Homer, Hesiod, and Orpheus. Socrates also believed that death would give him an opportunity to continue with his work of searching for knowledge of what is true and false in this world (Wilson, 2007). Furthermore, Socrates believed that by being a spirit upon his death, he shall be in a position to find out those who are wise and those who pretend to be wise. Socrates final days were spent with his students and close friends. He did not want any of them to be sad because he was going to die. He refused to let women around him, even his wife because they would be overcome by emotion and start mourning. All he did was to continue with his teaching and hanged on the beliefs he had so much throughout his life (Wilson, 2007).History records various trails based on religious issues. Socrates was condemned to death after a trial in Athens ...

Analysis Of Nabokovs Lolita And The Picture Of Dorian Gray

In Nabokov’s 1955 novel, ‘Lolita’, the fictitious foreword, presented by the equally fictitious John Ray Jr., Ph.D., describes Humbert Humbert as a ‘shining example of moral leprosy’ (Nabokov 1955). However, throughout the novel, Humbert appears to manipulate numerous characters, most of all Dolores Haze and her infatuated mother through his alluring good looks and his sophisticated British manner. Similarly, in Wilde’s 1890 novel, ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’, Dorian, also a hideously immoral main character, successfully disguises the true horror of his sins and uses his youthful charm to continue with his upper-class life of excess and perversion. Thus, both characters possess a comparable ‘dark side’, a side which is concealed to†¦show more content†¦This results in the narrative perspective of the novel demonstrating how Humbert attempts to conceal his true nature through, in his own mind, clever ‘ad justments’ to how the story is presented and references to historical figures who shared the same desires as him- ‘Oh Lolita, you are my girl, as Vee was Poe’s and Bea Dante’s’ (Nabokov 1955), yet often reverts to a disposition in which he laments about his monstrous desires. Not only this, but the comparison to famous literary greats suggests that Humbert considers himself to be of their status and thus possesses an idolized version of himself, a self which can easily transform language into ploys to conceal his true nature. Furthermore, Humbert further provides a dishonest narrative through his creation of a ‘grotesque theatrical character’ (Courtier 1996), in order to disassociate himself from the monster he truly is. This is aided by how Nabokov uses a diary-like structure to allow Humbert to experiment with his own format, for example ‘Main character: Humbert the Hummer. Time: Sunday morning in June. Place: sunlit living room.’ (Nabokov 1955) which resembles a script that Humbert himself has created when in reality he is reciting yet another lust-filled encounter with Lolita. Throughout this passage, and the novel, Nabokov switches from third person to first person narrative which further illustrates Humbert’s confusion over his desires, and how heShow MoreRelatedWhen Art Imitates Art757 Words   |  3 Pagessoul to him because of greed, is based on the story of Doctor Faustus, a person who sells his soul to the Devil to gain unlimited knowledge and all the worldly p leasures. o â€Å"Dont Stand So Close to Me† by The Police was inspired by Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita, as is clear in the lyrics: Its no use he sees her. He starts to shake and cough. Just like the old man in. That book by Nabokov. o â€Å"Samson† by Regina Spektor with lyrics such as:† Samson came to my bed. Told me that my hair was red.

Child Study - Educational Observation of Development of a...

Introduction Archie is a 10 year old in the fifth grade class here at Friends School. He’s attended this school from preschool until now, a total of seven years. He lives in the neighborhood and tends to be one of the first kids in the classroom every morning. In general he seems to be a happy child, smiling often. He has a tendency to be quite goofy at times and struggles with impulse control, often speaking out in class or being disruptive by talking or making jokes. This seems to stem from his ADHD, which he is on medication for. Though he has many challenges related to his ADHD, he displays an aptitude for math, enjoys reading, loves computers and is full of random facts that he adores to contribute. His general health seems†¦show more content†¦4. Does his behavior change based on the time of day or day of the week? What about subject matter? 5. What are his strengths academically? Weaknesses? 6. Where is he developmentally in comparison to his classmates? National Norms? 7. Physical Development? (coordination, stamina, fine motor skills, rt/lt dominance, nutrition etc) 8. Mental/Cognitive Development? (multiple intelligences, level of executive function etc) 9. Does he have any other health issues? Possible digestive/constipation? 10. What is his background in regard to being adopted and does that have any bearing on his current issues? (ie. Drugs/alcohol birth parent? etc) 11. Does his sister have any similar behavioral or learning issues? 12. Who are his friends and how does he relate to them? Do any of his issues get in the way of those relationships? 13. How does his family amp; life outside of school affect his daily life in school? (ie extracurricular activiti es, consequences, family culture, parental expectations etc) 14. What language and questions are best when communicating with this child? What approaches work? What encourage him vs deflates him? 15. How does he function in large groups, small groups, pairs? 16. How does he respond when he’s faced with something difficult or makes mistakes? What motivates him to try harder? Participate? Key questions for me to learnShow MoreRelatedLeadership Assignment : Harriet Tubman Charter School Essay2462 Words   |  10 Pagesfor the rest of the week through positive reflection, realisitic goals and specific decisions that we follow as a group. Spiral of experience Experience certainly brings perspective which most definitely pertains to leadership development (Hughes, 2015). The action-observation reflection model is a specific model that reflects on experience and how it is harnessed into developing a great leader. When looking at what Ms. J’s draws on publically as well as personally it is her past experience in schoolsRead MoreCase Study And Analysis : Aurora Academy Charter School2986 Words   |  12 Pages Organization Problem Case Study and Analysis Emily Van Luit University of Northern Colorado Shaping Organizations: Management and Leadership in Education ELPS 603 Dr. Chris Jenkins December 10, 2014 Organization Problem Case Study and Analysis Background Aurora Academy Charter School came to be in the fall of 2000, and was the first charter school within the Aurora Public School District. 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In the same vein, I thank the Form four students who participated in answering the questionnaires that were very useful in my study. I owe many thanks to my beloved wife whose inspiration, moral and financial support enabled me accomplish my studies, and also our children for enduring my long absence throughout the period of my study. 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Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesActivity duration estimates (.3) 6.4.2 Estimating tools (.1.3.4) 6.3.1 Identifying resources 7.1 Activity cost estimates (.2.3.4.5) 5.1.2.4 Delphi method Chapter 6 10.5.3 Cost/schedule system (.1) 6.6 .2.1 Time performance 7.2.3.1 Cost baseline development 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities

Advocacy for the Homeless - Paper free essay sample

The number of homeless people in America is alarming. There is an extremely high need for advocacy for the homeless population. â€Å"Its estimated that approximately 3. 5 million people in the United States, 1. 35 million of them children (nearly 40%), are likely to experience homelessness this year† (Murphy, 2009). About 23% of the homeless population is veterans. The first thing an advocate would need to do is to educate themselves on the issues and facts of the population. They need to know things like how and why people have become homeless to get a better understanding. It is also a good idea to spend some firsthand time with the population, maybe in shelters or soup kitchens. They need to also talk with other advocates and service providers for the homeless to understand the needs and what has worked in the past. This is to get advice from others who have helped before you so that you have a better sense of what you need to do to move forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Advocacy for the Homeless Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Education is key to affectively advocating. After becoming educated on the needs of the homeless population and service workers for the population in the community, the next step would be to create a plan of action. Part of the plan of action would be to join other local advocates in the community or local coalition. Together, go to the local government officials because that is where the funding comes from. An advocate would need to attend meetings and be a voice for the low income housing programs, prevention, shelters, and other programs that provide service. Seek the support of faith congregations, care providers, and veterans groups. Then follow up with officials by correspondence for decisions. Meet with legislator officials can be crucial. Making it personal can make a big difference. Bringing the facts of the problem and information on what is specifically needed to work on a resolution. The manner should be professional and respectful in person and written documentation should be left with them as well as a written follow up and thank you. If bringing other advocates to meet with legislators, do not bring more than four or five. More than that is too many and would be less personal and more like a mob. Local media such as news channels, radio, and news papers can be a wonderful way to create awareness in the public and to help with the promoting the cause. Making sure that the message is clear on what needs to be accomplished is important. Another way to get the homeless needs heard is to help them register to vote. Even without having a home, they can still have a voice in the voting booth. They need to know they are not helpless. Some of the needs of the homeless include services such as medical, dental, food, employment, transportation, short term housing, and long term housing. There are many agencies in the community that offer help with obtaining those services. Funding is crucial to keep these services available. That is a need that the advocates promote. The National Coalition for the homeless is a great place to start for anyone looking to get involved. There is a very user friendly web site at www. nationalhomeless. org with lots of useful information on how to get involved in your own community. References Murphy, K. (2009). What is your Reaction?. Retrieved August 16, 2011 from: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/ Webster’s Dictionary. (2011). Retrieved August 16, 2011 from: http://www. webster-dictionary. org/

Sylvia Plath Comparison Essay free essay sample

Throughout time females have found it hard to achieve acceptance and accreditation in the world of poetry. However, two American female poets, who were born in the 1930’s, did make a name for themselves. During this era of rapidly changing gender roles, social values and world politics, these women were able to produce a rich variety of poetry. These poets are known for their driven personalities and their captivating poems about alienation, life and death, imagery and transforming their reader into a world of discovery. Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Tulips† and Mary Oliver’s poem â€Å"Poppies† both share flower imagery, female personas, and display themes of life, but each poem differs in the way that they present very different perspectives on life. Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Tulips† and Mary Oliver’s poem â€Å"Poppies† both exhibit flower imagery but contrast in how they portray that image. Throughout â€Å"Tulips† Sylvia Plath’s main depiction about the flowers is negative. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath Comparison Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What the tulips represent is offensive to her. The reader is automatically given this image of a woman laying in a hospital bed, the woman is depressed, wanting to be empty and alone, however these bright red tulips are staring right back at her filled with life and feelings, just having bloomed from the winter. Plath describes the way the tulips make her feel in the fifth stanza: â€Å"I didn’t want any flowers, I only wanted To lie with my hands turned up and be utterly empty. † (29-30) These tulips to her represent the newness of life, love, and pureness; they are terrible to the woman. She feels that the flowers are something she cannot get back. Plath writes: â€Å"The tulips are too red in the first place, they hurt me. Even through the gift paper I could hear them breathe Lightly, through their white swaddlings, like an awful baby. † (36-38) On the other hand, Mary Oliver displays her flower imagery in a different respect. The flower imagery that is portrayed throughout her poem, â€Å"Poppies†, shows holiness. The flowers are illustrated in a night scene and represent brightness, holiness, and life. Mary Oliver is trying to depict that the lowers embody enjoying life without fear of death. The light shown from the flowers represents the holiness of the lord, His â€Å"invitation†. Oliver describes this representation in her sixth stanza: â€Å"But I also say this: that light is an invitation to happiness, and that happiness. † (21-24) Mary Oliver tries to show her reader that the poppies symbolize the distinct separation between life and death, that humans have to cherish life and not take it for granted. Oliver depicts this in the first stanza: â€Å"The poppies send up their orange flares; swaying n the wind, their congregations are a levitation. † (1-4) Again this quote is suggesting living your life without the fear of death or that terrifying things may happen; the vibrancy of the flowers show people that they perform their best for others to see. This differs from Sylvia Plath’s use of flower imagery because they are two different views of life. The tulips to Sylvia Plath make her depressed; she feels that life has been taken away from her and that these tall, red and blossomed tulips show her the newness of life and love; what she can’t have. Lastly, the main parallels of flower imagery that the authors describe are that both flowers, the tulips and the poppies, represent life, holiness, and the state of their own hearts. Both poems, â€Å"Tulips† and â€Å"Poppies†, also demonstrate female personas. Persona is the way a reader can perceive the character in the poem; it’s how the character is presented to the reader. Throughout Sylvia Plath’s Poem â€Å"Tulips† the persona, who seems to be a depressed and sullen female, is trying to search for comfort and tranquility while being in the morose hospital. However, it is ruined once someone brings her the lively and colorful tulips, its here that she realizes she loathes life; it’s life that she cannot get back. These lines from â€Å"Tulips† imply that the persona is emotional, that she has left reality behind; she can no longer live the way the tulips can live: â€Å"The vivid tulips eat my oxygen. Before they came the air was clam enough†¦ Then the tulips filled it up like a loud noise. † (49-52) The persona in Mary Oliver’s poem, â€Å"Poppies†, is quite different than Sylvia Plath’s persona in â€Å"Tulips†. Mary Oliver’s persona is confident and inspired by not taking life for granted. The persona wants to cherish life in everyway that she can, just as the Poppies do. She doesn’t want to regret or fear anything; she especially doesn’t want to fear death. Oliver describes this persona throughout the last three stanzas: â€Å"But I also say this: that light is an invitation to happiness†¦ is a kind of holiness. † (21-26) This strong female persona also suggests that death is inevitable, that there will always be a darkness that surrounds life. She believes that light and holiness are a sign of life, and darkness is the sign of death; she wants to life her life to the fullest and to seize every opportunity because life is so precious. These lines from â€Å"Poppies† greatly describe what the persona is suggesting about the darkness and death: â€Å"There isn’t a place In this world that doesn’t sooner or later drown in the indigos of darkness. † (8-10) As the reader can see, both poems have strong female personas, however they differ completely in the way each one of the persona’s view life and death. Sylvia Plath and Mary Oliver poems both display themes of life, however their views on life contrast. In â€Å"Tulips† and â€Å"Poppies† the flowers symbolize the desire for either life or death. In Sylvia Plath’s poem, â€Å"Tulips†, the flowers are symbolizing life and that is the issue with the persona throughout the poem. What the tulips are representing is offensive to the persona; she now feels isolation and suffering due to the vivid brightness of these flowers. Plath writes: â€Å"The tulips are too red in the first place, they hurt me. † (36) Comparably, in Mary Oliver’s poem â€Å"Poppies† the flowers represent liveliness and holiness. The flowers in the poem are depicting the light of life, the holiness it holds. Mary Oliver explains this in the second stanza: â€Å"of bright dust, of thin and lacy leaves. † (5-6) As the reader can see the theme of life in â€Å"Poppies† is different than the one in â€Å"Tulips†. The difference is that the flowers in Mary Oliver’s poem are further symbolizing the beauty and preciousness of life. To not take anything for granted, death is inevitable, and to cherish every moment like it’s your last. There is a positive theme of life in â€Å"Poppies† unlike the negative one in â€Å"Tulips†. In conclusion, Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Tulips† and Mary Oliver’s poem â€Å"Poppies† both share flower imagery, female personas, and present the theme of life, but as the reader depicts the each poem they differ in the way that they present very different perspectives on life. Sylvia Plath’s view on life isn’t joyful. She is depressed and feels threatened by the liveliness that the flowers represent. These feelings and the way Sylvia Plath views life are shown through her poem â€Å"Tulips†. Contrasting, Mary Oliver’s view on life in her poem â€Å"Poppies† is to never regret and to always seize opportunities. She doesn’t want to take life for granted because she knows death is inevitable. She wants people to look into the light, the joy of life, and to live life to the fullest. Both American female poets are still known today for the captivating poems suggesting their views on life death; Sylvia Plath and Mary Oliver rose to the challenge of being phenomenal female writers during a time of change in America.

How To Make Scrambled Eggs Essays

How To Make Scrambled Eggs Essays How To Make Scrambled Eggs Paper How To Make Scrambled Eggs Paper A staple of almost every American breakfast, scrambled eggs are enjoyed by many every day. But, Im sure everyone has experienced a bad batch of scrambled eggs. To avoid this truly unfortunate happenstance, lovers of the scrambled egg should learn how to make delicious, fluffy eggs each time without fail. There are many different ways to go about this, and one method I use when preparing eggs of the finest quality has yet to fail me. First, you must obtain your ingredients. You will need 3-4 eggs, about 1/3 cup of milk, butter, salt and pepper to taste, and optionally, cheese. Personally, I add about two tablespoons of cheese to my mixture, Just out of preference. The milk will keep the eggs from getting too dry and will make them fluffy. The butter is used to grease the pan Beat the eggs until they are well mixed and almost foamy. Now add milk, salt, pepper, and the optional cheese. Beat only a few more strokes to blend well. While you are beating the eggs, you should have a pan on medium-high heat with a pat of butter to grease. Once your pan Is heated up, you may add the egg mixture to It. As the eggs cooks, continuously stir and flip them. This step is crucial when making the difference between an omelet and scrambled eggs. If they are not continuously stirred, the entire batch with cook Into one big omelet. As you stir and flip, you should see Individual lumps of cooked egg as you go along. When they are to the consistency and tenderness of your liking, you may remove them from the pan and enjoy. These eggs are perfect for an everyday breakfast. Or, If youre ever feeling like a nice Brenner, (breakfast for dinner) theyre great as well. I guarantee your egg-loving family and friends will adore them and lull be remembered as an egg-traditional cook from then on. How To Make Scrambled Eggs By Alexis-Cambridge pan on medium-high heat with a pat of butter to grease. Once your pan is heated up, you may add the egg mixture to it. As the eggs cooks, continuously stir and flip scrambled eggs. If they are not continuously stirred, the entire batch with cook into one big omelet. As you stir and flip, you should see individual lumps of cooked egg as breakfast. Or, if youre ever feeling like a nice Brenner, (breakfast for dinner) theyre youll be remembered as an egg-traditional cook from then on.

The problem of privacy in the age of google glass Essay

The problem of privacy in the age of google glass - Essay Example Privacy is like a basic factor in the life of every single person that lives on this planet called earth. Therefore, this makes it right for everyone, and it should not be invaded or intruded by anyone especially every other member of the public. For example, future, wearable digital devices are constantly being invented and being illustrious in the mainstream news media. People are gradually embracing the idea that our future digital life will be with view computers, brain-computer interfaces, digital tattoos and head-up. In keeping with the Google Glass phenomenon, these are devices that are often spoken off way before they are even produced and made available for the general public to buy and use. The fact should be that as the future-proposed technology and inventions move on, people need to understand the concepts that drive the devices that these inventors create, nonetheless also the social structuring and identity building that humans endure in this gradual process. On to the first issue, this is the privacy in the web and the current problem that it entails. The web is like the central place where almost everyone visits on more than one occasion in a single day. Mostly for over the half the population of the world who are in the social media sites, the web is like their daily need, and before they use it they cannot feel that their day is complete. Most of these social media sites require one to enter their personal details making others able to view and observe others’ personal information. Just as Mark Andrejevic said in his book, the web allows one to be watched easily and closely. One can be tracked, through the use of programs that use the GPS system which is most efficient in the web, surveillance that can be executed at will also be possible through the web. Mark Andrejevic went to the extent of writing a book namely, â€Å"The Work of Being Watched:

The quality of risk management in the Civil Engineering Assignment - 1

The quality of risk management in the Civil Engineering - Assignment Example Since the international contractors operate outside their normal business jurisdiction, there are numerous uncertainties. Civil engineers working outside their resident jurisdiction face such difficulties as different management approaches, foreign technology, legal requirements, and uncommon construction practices and systems. The understanding and appreciation of the risks associated with these international projects can be instrumental to the success of these projects. International projects failing to meet the schedule, scope and budget allocated more often have to encounter a horde of impacts some of which bear serious political, social and economic ramifications. U.S. engineering firms have a history of significant involvement in most global markets. These firms continue to aggressively pursue international projects and opportunities. In as much as international projects appear like they are lucrative investments, such projects attract a heightened level of risk. Most participa nts and stake holders such as investors agree that the successful delivery of such projects has in many occasions proven to be quite difficult. In this light, organizations that possess a broad understanding of the political, operations, commercial and construction risk factors have higher chances of successful planning, execution and delivery of international projects. Currency exchange rates, social and political instability are other critical factors that compound the complexities of international engagements. It is however rather complex to identify and make an assessment of the risks linked to capital facilities and there exists limited management techniques or tools that can identify, analyze and deal with the risk. 2. Broadly identify the main aim/s, associated objectives and scientific hypotheses (if applicable); The principal purpose of this research will be to better appreciate and to develop risk identification and assessment methods for projects that are of an internatio nal capital facility project nature. The study’s objective will include but may be necessarily limited to 1. Formulate an inclusive international capital project process or an approach. 2. Device tools that will aid in the identification and assessment of the different risk levels. 3. Structure an internationally accepted project performance appraisal metric. 4. Generate the documents that will help the project teams when tackling such issues and this should also include methods of mitigating the risk. The plan is to conduct sixteen structured interviews with project leaders and civil engineering executives with multinational experience. There are two key purposes that will drive the structured interviews. Firstly, the researcher hopes to gather industry perspective on the attitude toward risk assessment, the hindrances and general trends when involved in international engineering project assignments. This will necessitate the researcher to develop a well structured questionn aire that will not only be used to obtain the attitudes towards risk assessment and resultant concerns but will be extended to contain the rationale and value of international project risk assessment performance, background information characteristic of international projects, procedures and practices of risk management. Secondly, the

Hume and Kant on Free

Hume and Kant on Free Will Essay Abstract This paper is an attempt to show how Kant’s ideas concerning practical and transcendental freedom of the will was a significant correction to the parallel theories of Hume. It starts out by clarifying Hume’s critique of free will, especially as it appears in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. It draws the conclusion that Hume’s philosophy is espousing skepticism, and that Kant’s effort is to overcome this skepticism and restore trust in reason. The philosophy of Kant is outlined in order to make the last point. It is generally agreed that Kant supplied the definitive stamp to philosophy that ushered in the modern age. Hume, though enormously influential in his time, and a favorite in the French salons of philosophy, fell into disrepute in the Victorian era, and only since has become a subject of restored interest. Yet Hume is the philosopher cited by Kant as having stirred him from his â€Å"dogmatic slumbers’. He had espoused a philosophy of empirical skepticism, so thorough and devastating in its scope that it became impossible for Kant to remain in his settled certainties of Newtonian science. It was the spur that carried him on to compose the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), where reason is restored, and man is once more vindicated as a rational being. Just because he refuted and answered Hume’s skepticism does not imply that the latter philosophy is nullified. We must keep this in mind, that Hume’s skepticism is completely valid as far as sense experience is concerned, and Kant does not refute any part of this philosophy. What he does is posit a further dimension to human understanding, specifically, the synthetic a priori faculty of the mind, the existence of which Hume did not suspect. Only after this addition is the primacy of reason restored. So we cannot say that Kant has destroyed Hume’s philosophy, rather he has added to it. Central to Hume’s skepticism is his critique of â€Å"cause and effect†, which is spelled out to its most profound depths in chapter VII of the An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748). The preliminary task is to outline the copy principle. The premise to this is that all knowledge begins from sense experience. Among such we are able to distinguish between primary and secondary sensations. The primary sensations are extension, motion, inertia etc, which are indeed the concepts that physics tackles. Color, taste, smell etc are said to be secondary sensations, composed or derived from the primary ones. The copy principle says that the primary sensations, though not delivering complete information from the material object – which is more poignantly described as â€Å"the object in itself – nevertheless is a faithful copy of it. This is why primary sensations are distinct and forceful presences in our mind. Secondary sensations are in turn copies of the original copy, and due to this derivative nature they lose distinctness to us. We will examine the copy principle of Hume in a moment. For the time being we accept it as such and consider the consequences. For Hume’s purposes, it has allowed him to refer to objects and their motions with confidence, and not to be held back by the validity of these concepts. For without the principle we don’t know as yet that objects are objects, and motion is motion, and we would have had to deal with a chaos of sense experience, and nothing meaningful to refer to it against (1993, p. 12). So now, with the copy principle of Hume as foundation, we proceed to talk about objects in motion. Next, we observe interdependence between objects, carried out in space and time. We â€Å"know† that motion in one object is â€Å"cause† to motion in another. A billiard ball in motion strikes another, and after impact the second acquires a velocity too, and the faculty of our understanding tells us, without the least inkling of doubt, that the impact imparted by the first ball is the cause of the second ball gaining motion. This understanding is so refined that we can, with a little help from Newton’s mechanics, predict the exact trajectory of the second ball by analyzing the trajectory of the first. We know it, but how do we know it? This is the crucial question for Hume. For if we do not have the answer we are left with skepticism. After impact with the first ball the second could have taken any one of an infinite number of trajectories. But it takes only one, and indeed we expect it to take only that one. A physicist may come along and try to convince us that it could not have taken any other trajectory because the laws of motion stipulates that, with the initial conditions given, the path it takes is the only possible one. But this is not an answer to the observer of the billiard ball, because he doesn’t care what the laws of physics are. If nature had followed another mathematical law then another outcome would have been just as valid. The observer could then have framed his conundrum differently: Of the infinite possible mathematical laws why just that one? There is nothing in the inner logic of the situation that dictates that the first ball should produce exactly the prescribed trajectory in the second. Hume said this about the experimental set-up, that we may try an experiment ten times, and may arrive at the exact same result ten times. But this does not prove that the specific outcome is inevitable. Not even if we confirmed the outcome a million times, because we would still only have a statistical probability and not a proof. Hume’s conclusion is that there is no rational link between cause and effect. Yet we expect effect to follow cause, immediately and irrevocably. If this is so then, explains Hume, it is a feeling transmitted to us by custom. What exactly he means by custom is left vague. He could not have meant anything other than â€Å"observing over and over again†, even though this fails to take into account new experience. He himself supplies a famous counterexample in the Enquiry. Some one who has experienced all the shades of blue, except for a tiny strip of the spectrum, is expected to report a gap when looking at the full spectrum of blue. But the fact is that he does not observe a gap at all, and recognizes at once the full spectrum of blue, even though he is experiencing a particular shade on blue for the first time. The recognition was instantaneous, and the eye did require â€Å"accustoming† beforehand. This readily disposes the theory of â€Å"custom†. Hume, however, continues to insist that our convictions regarding cause and effect can have no other source than custom. That the inference to custom is a vague one is made clear when he comes to consider free will. The very act of consciousness, he says, testifies to the existence of free will. But coming to reflect on how it is possible that we are able to willingly set our limbs into motion, and to move and external object thereby, it appears nothing less than miraculous. The mystery in nothing less than how one immaterial body imparts momentum to another: For first: Is there any principle in all nature more mysterious than the union of soul with body; by which a supposed spiritual substance acquires such an influence over a material one, that the most refined thought is able to actuate the grossest matter? (Hume, 1993, p. 43) The upshot is that we cannot explain free will, just as surely as we cannot explain cause and effect. ‘Custom’ was hesitantly introduced to explain cause and effect, and the same comes to the rescue of free will. As constant observers of nature we come to expect an effect to always follow a cause, and the same analysis ought to be applied to the orbit of human will. In all times and in all places humans have shown a constancy in their day to day affairs, which points to a constancy in human nature. The speculation concerning the scope of free will is overdone by the philosophers, maintains Hume. The exercise of free will, when looked at through the vista of human history, does not display divergence as much as it displays constancy. Hume broaches on the distinction between freedom and necessity to make this point clear. Inanimate objects convey to us most clearly the quality of freedom. We may describe an inanimate object as indifferent to the rest of the material universe, and in that sense free. But this freedom also entails necessity. The object is subject to the necessary laws of causation, and indeed is bound entirely by them. This is the relationship that binds cause and effect to inanimate objects, and is a relationship that is composed of both freedom and necessity. Hume transposes the same analysis to the relationship between human beings and free will. The will is indeed free, but being so implies that it conforms to human nature. He proposes the following definition: By liberty, then, we can only mean a power of acting or not acting, according to the determinations of the will; this is, if we choose to remain at rest, we may; if we choose to move, we also may. (1993, p. 63) The notion of free will advanced here bears a crucial difference to the popular one, and begs to be spelt out. What Hume describes as free will is not a choice between course ‘A’ and ‘B’. Rather the choice is between ‘A’ and ‘not A’, the latter implying stagnation, not an alternative course. This is the entire extent of our free will. We choose either to move forward, or else to stand still. This is what Hume would describe as freedom to act. Free will, however, is in complete accordance with human nature, and therefore follows the laws of necessity, just as everything else in contingent reality. Free will urges us to act â€Å"freely†. With freedom to act we may respond to this urge, or we may desist. In the final analysis our understanding of free will hinges on custom, in the same way as does our understanding of cause and effect. The past is guide to the future in the probabilistic sense. Beyond probabilities we have no understanding of either, contends Hume. In order to enforce this skepticism he proceeds to dismantle the Cartesian theories that pretended to explain mind and matter interaction, especially the theory of occasionalism advanced by Father Nicholas Malebranche. In this theory God is made both motivator and executor of every act or incident that seems to be â€Å"cause†, while the circumstances which we call a cause are only occasions for God to act in such a manner. Hume complained that this not only made God a slave to his own creation, but it also eradicated free will, making everything â€Å"full of God† (1993, p. 47). By disposing summarily the Cartesian explanations of cause and effect Hume makes his skepticism complete. Kant overcomes this skepticism by revising the premise of Hume. The correction is made most forcefully in the opening to the Critique: Although all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it arises entirely from experience.   For it is quite possible that our empirical knowledge is a compound of that which we receive through impressions and that which our own faculty of knowing (incited by impressions) supplies from itself†¦ (1999, p. 1) To be fair to Hume, he does consider this possibility, and ponders whether there is a blueprint in the mind where all ‘causes’ and all ‘effects’ can be referred back. (1993, p. 44). But he dismisses this idea when he realizes that a static blueprint can never account for the dynamic reality. However, the faculty that Kant is suggesting is not static, rather dynamic and creative, and here lies the crucial difference. In the technical terms of Kant it is the synthetic a priori faculty of the mind. This is distinguished from the analytic a priori faculty, such as logic. The rules of logic are extant in the mind (a priori), but form a self-consistent system (analytical), and therefore do not depend on sense experience. On the first instance it seems impossible that the mind can have a faculty that is synthetic a priori, where synthetic implies that it is creative. It entails that order is created out of the chaos of sense experience, and order that was not there before. But Kant also provides proof that the mind is capable of synthesis. Mathematical propositions are synthetic a priori, he contended. The proposition â€Å"3 + 5 = 8† may sound like self-consistent logic, but it is not really so. â€Å"8† is a completely new concept, and is not contained in either â€Å"3†, â€Å"5† or â€Å"+†. If we know that â€Å"3 + 5 = 8†, it is due to a synthetic a priori faculty in the mind. As Kant relates in the Prolegomena, when he realized that mathematical propositions are indeed synthetic a priori, it led him to ponder on what other such concepts the mind uses to facilitate understanding, and it appeared to him, in due course, that â€Å"cause and effect† was a concept of understanding that derives from the same faculty. He does not at all concern himself with material reality as a â€Å"thing in itself†, that which the materialist philosophers were after in order to provide a foundation to Newtonian science. Like Hume he maintains throughout that an absolute material reality is beyond knowledge, and to speculate on its existence was futile. We only need to consider what we perceive and what we do. He also shows that Hume falters at exactly those points where he cannot dismiss material existence in itself. The copy principle is slavish to a material object in itself. The object does not deliver copies to our mind; rather the mind provides the concepts of space in which we are able to conjure up material objects from sensory data. Both â€Å"space† and â€Å"time† are pure concepts of the mind, contends Kant, and like â€Å"cause and effect† are the tools by which we come to understand contingent reality (Prolegomena, 2005, p. 26). As soon as it is made out that we are the responsible architects of our own reality, and are not passive bystanders to an absolute material reality beyond our control, we suddenly discover ourselves as moral beings. Therefore the subsequent direction of Kant’s philosophy, after the metaphysics of understanding has been established, is towards a metaphysics of morals. And so emerges the crucial distinction that Kant makes between practical and transcendental freedom. To say that we have practical freedom implies we are able to understand the world, and by doing so we direct the will accordingly. We will do so of course for practical purposes – survival, utility, convenience, happiness etc. this would seem to cover the entire orbit of freedom. But Kant went on to demonstrate, in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), that such freedom is not actually freedom at all, and indeed is a binding. Thus far Kant is in concord with Hume. Now, the metaphysics of understanding, as spelt out in the Critique, is not the entire picture. The synthetic a priori faculty of the mind fashions understanding out of sensory experience. But such understanding does not lead to truth. As pure concepts of understanding space and time are both necessarily infinite. But because they emanate from the finite mind they are also finite. So in their very make-up space and time lead to contradictions. The same end must necessarily meet anything that takes place within space and time. So that matter is both infinitely divisible and also made up of concrete building blocks. As another example, we have free will, but at the same time everything is caused, so we don’t have free will. Such examples are put forward by Kant as pairs of â€Å"antinomies†. According to our understanding both consequences are valid, and yet they mutually contradict each other. All practical reasoning necessarily leads to pairs of antinomies. This must be so, because we reason by means of subject and predicate, where the subject is the cause of the predicate. But this subject is in turn predicate to another subject, and so on in an infinite chain of causation. If there was an ultimate subject at the beginning of this chain, we could have claimed to have discovered the final cause, and thereby have at hand a pronouncement of truth. But in contingent reality there is no such final cause. So whenever we try to make pronouncements of truth we must face contradiction. We cannot say that practical reason is false for this reason. Life is ruled by contingencies, and practical reason is to explain the contingent, or to facilitate such understanding. Absolute truth lies beyond all contingencies, and this is ruled by â€Å"pure† reason, explains Kant. It is not within the grasp of the human mind, yet it is the underpinning of the mind, and is the source of all innate faculties. The same analysis applies to practical freedom, which is but the corollary to practical reason. With practical freedom we choose our course according to practical reason, i.e. we are motivated by self-serving motives – happiness, honor, respectability, and so on. But in doing so we bind ourselves to those endless chains of contingencies, so that we are not really free. We chase material acquisition in order to be happy, and yet it always eludes us. The definition of freedom is to escape all contingencies, and yet by the application of practical reason we are mired more and more into contingent reality. Therefore we are not free. This is indeed a contradiction, one which Hume does not pay heed to. The very act of consciousness tells us that we are free, that out will is free. If practical reason does not embody this freedom, then surely pure reason must do so. By the same token, we are in possession of a transcendental freedom, which is a path that overcomes all contingencies, and is dictated by pure reason. Kant describes this path as the moral one. We recognize and follow this path from a sense of duty. To clarify what it is, duty is done for its own sake. There is no material motive whatsoever attached to it. Not for any particular good, it is done for the universal good. It is a categorical imperative, meaning that the very make-up of our being, or pure reason, dictates that we follow it. As an aid to identifying one’s duty Kant devised the following wording for the categorical imperative: â€Å"I ought never to act except in such a way that I could also will that my maxim should become a universal law† (Moral Law, 2005, p. 74). Kant is described as overcoming Hume’s skepticism. But it is questionable whether the latter is a skeptic at all. According to a contemporary, Hume’s philosophical paradoxes are delivered with a confidence that belies skepticism: â€Å"Never has there been a Pyrrhonian more dogmatic† (qtd. in Mossner, 1936, p. 129). A more recent reassessment of Hume is carried out by the German Neo-Kantian philosopher Ernst Cassirer, who opines, â€Å"Hume’s doctrine is not to be understood as an end, but as a new beginning† (1951, p. 59). The nature of this new beginning is well articulated by Hume himself. â€Å"Indulge your passion for science,† nature tells us, according to Hume, â€Å"but let your science be human, and such as may have a direct reference to action and society† (Hume, 1993, p. 3). If we listen carefully, the moral note that Hume is sounding is hardly different from that of the categorical imperative of Kant. Not for the person’s sake, but for humanity’s sake. Not for the particular good but for the universal good. This is the essence of Hume’s projected â€Å"science of man†, as it is also the heart of Kant’s metaphysics of morals. References Cassirer, E. (1951). The Philosophy of the Enlightenment. Trans. Fritz C. A. Koelln and James P. Pettegrove. Boston: Beacon Press. Hume, D. (1993). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. E. Steinberg (Ed.) Boston: Hackett Publishing. Kant, I. (1999). Critique of Pure Reason. W. S. Pluhar (Trans.), E. Watkins (Ed.) Boston: Hackett Publishing. Kant, I. (2005). Kants Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing. Kant, I. (2005). The Moral Law: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. Translated by H. J. Paton. New York: Routledge. Mossner, E. C. (1936). Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason: A Study in the History Of Thought. New York: Macmillan.

The Diver :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Diver† Robert Currie’s â€Å"The Diver†, on the surface, recounts a diver’s descent and ascent into a river as onlookers eagerly anticipate his fate. Beneath the surface, this poem is actually very spiritual. The diver’s descent into the water, and his arising from the water, can be compared to the crucifixion of Jesus. Through the masterful use of imagery and Biblical comparisons, Currie depicts the message that rebirth and hope can captivate and revitalize our spirits. An essential key to the theme of â€Å"The Diver† is through the subtle yet prevailing use of Biblical references. From the very beginning of Currie’s poem, a simile is used when describing the â€Å"bridge like a Roman fort†. This helps to set the tone that something important is about to happen and also provides a Biblical base to the structure of the poem. Lines four to six describe the man’s journey up towards the bridge. This journey can be compared to Jesus’ struggle towards the top of the hill where he was crucified. Perhaps this man was also carrying a â€Å"load on his shoulders†, so to speak. The poem becomes even more Biblical as â€Å"others bet upon his chance†, much like Jesus’ own fate. As the diver prepares for the inevitable, his situation has Biblical meaning. â€Å"At the summit of the span he rose/ his arms outstretched/ flung a cross against the sun†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, are perhaps three of the most powerful lin es in the poem. These lines are followed by much anticipation from the crowd below. The dive symbolizes the end of something, which is also supported when â€Å"The river circling away/ grew silent as held breath/ still as death†. These lines make is seem as though everything, and everyone, even the river, are â€Å"holding their breath† in anticipation of the outcome of the dive. Then, starting at line twenty-one, the rebirth begins, as, â€Å"from unknown depths/ his head broke the water/ shook out a crown of sunlit spray. There is a strong Biblical presence in the comparisons used in this poem, which help to support the theme of hope and rebirth, while providing powerful imagery. A vital element of Currie’s â€Å"The Diver† is the strong presence of imagery, which helps to sustain the theme of captivating hope. The image of â€Å"the solitary figure† provokes a strong sense of despair, followed by his painful struggle â€Å"up the arch†. The images give the impression that the events are unfolding in a captivating slow-motion means.

Culinarian Cookware: Pondering Price Promotion Essay

As a market leading brand primarily focusing in designing, manufacturing, distributing and marketing premium cookware, Culinarian Cookware takes pride in its outstanding product quality, advanced performance technology and the strong dealership with retail stores established throughout the years, which Donald Janus, the VP of Marketing believes makes Culinarian stands strong in its competitive industry. In regardless of Culinarian’s usual practice of avoiding price discounting, an official price promotion program was launched in 2004, which was later concluded by a consultant firm that these promotions had a negative impact on profits. There are different views toward the price promotion strategies and the corresponding report in the senior management: Janus felt price promotions were unnecessary, potentially damaging to the brand image, and possibly encouraged retailer hoarding; Brown believed the promotions strengthened trade support, improved brand awareness, and stimulated sales from both new and existing customers. While Janus trusted the report results, Brown believed the study assumptions were flawed and required further analysis, suspected the promotions had actually produced positive results. In November of 2006, debates among the senior management team had been going on regarding the pros and cons of price promotions for the company’s premium cookware products. A decision is needed to be made in terms of how price promotion can be utilized in Culinarian’s marketing strategy. Key Issue The urgent and key question is whether to run a price promotion in 2007 and, if so, to determine what merchandise to promote and on what terms. The broader issue is what strategy Culinarian should pursue to achieve its sales growth objective, and what role, if any, price promotion should play. Clearly there are attractive advantages and draw-backs with significant consequences for a price promotion program. The final recommendation will need to be in line with the four strategic objectives of the company: (1) Widen its distribution network; (2) Increase its market share of the premium cookware segment; (3) Preserve its prestigious image; (4) Capture its  revenue growth of at least 15% while maintaining pre-tax earnings margins of 12%. Possible Alternatives (1) No Price Promotion This alternative would means there will be no official price promotion, only occasional free gifts would be given out with purchase of items at regular price. There are least risks associated with this option but the company will need to seek other ways to maintain their competitiveness. (2) Discount on Slow Growing Items The second option would be to apply a 30% discounted price to the slow growing items like what the company did in 2006. (3) Price Promotion Campaign (Discount on selected premium items) To invest in a comprehensive price promotion campaign. Discount price will be applied not only to the cheapest and slow growing items but to selected items from all lines. The campaign will be assist with edgy advertising methods to create a â€Å"hype† to the price cutting. The Recommendation Alternative 3: Price Promotion Campaign The recommendation to pursue the third alternative was made based on a decision matrix with the following set of criteria: risk; ability to widen distribution network; positive impact on brand image; ease of implementation and financial return. The Rationale Price promotion is superior to a gift incentive in the following ways. As Culinarian is heavily relied on retailers for distribution, their opinions carry a certain weight of important. Many of the retailers expressed that a free gift approach often confuse them as to how many gifts to order. These 0 value-carrying gifts also occupy valuable inventory spaces and thus are generally not welcomed by these distribution channels. When looking at the company strategies, one should realize that the current very low brand awareness among the target groups (HHI $75,000+) is a big issue (Exhibit 4). Discounting merchandize can effectively attract attention and raise awareness, broaden its customer base and stimulate excitement for the brand among the customers. When looking at the analysis of Culinarian’s target group – the households with income over $75,000, 30% cited price as the most important criterion in selecting cookware; 30% of these consumers would be motivated to buy new cookware because of a price discount versus 20% being motivated by a free gift; 20% would intentionally wait for a sale and â€Å"Price† is ranked top 3 in the criteria of choosing a cookware. These study result show that the customers value a price promotion and even actively seek these promotion out. Clearly a cut in price will generate increased sale volume. Indeed it is true that there are uncertainties in whether the price promotion in 2004 was profitable or not. A report by a consultant firm concluded that the promotion program was not profitable. However, one group in the management team including Brown believes there are significant flaws exist in the analysis due to the following errors: the normal sales figures being too high; variable costs including overhead cost incorrectly; the cannibalization costs and inventory savings which, instead of being left out of calculations, were included and estimated inaccurately. Another argument being that when you look at the figures provided in the case exhibit, one could see that sales volume drop right after the price promotion in both 2004 and 2005, thus easily hurry to conclude that a price promotion does not benefit the company. However it is possible that the failure of these programs is due to other factors affecting the profitability including the level of discount rate, the ordering size allowances etc. execution considerations. Thus, these calculations cannot serve as a proof against a price promotion. Because of the above rationale, a price promotion would be appropriate to be run in 2007. Janus’s worries of the disadvantage of a price promotion could  be counteracted by the recommendation of the second alternative, which were recommended with two major objectives in mind: raise brand awareness (while maintaining a leading prestige image) and widen distribution network (which potentially serve as a gateway to increase market share and profit). The major concern of Janus was the potential negative impact to the brand’s premium image especially when the two direct competing premium cookware brands do not use price promotion. However this generally happen only when discounted items was focused on the cheapest line or the slow growing ones (which exactly was what happened in 2004 and 2005). In the new price promotion campaign, a limited number of premium items will needed to be selected for a discount to maintain the prestige and premium image of the brand while specific communication campaign will be employed to increase customer satisfaction on buying the premium product with a discount price. Expanding the discount to more expensive line could also The next question would be how the promotion will be executed. The Implementation Again a limited number of premium items (eg. PROX1) combine with cheaper lines (eg. CX1) will be selected for a discount. In fact, the selection will cover specific items of all 4 lines. A communication campaign will be employed to call out the message to the public: â€Å"Here is the premium brand, and we are selling it for a lower price so that YOU can also try out these high-quality cookware† (â€Å"Quality† remains the top motivator for choosing cookware). The discount period will still be around April and May to avoid direct competition with the other big cookware brands. In terms of the problem of retailers placing over-size trade orders and eating up the difference, Culinarian can counteract this by pre-print or attaching a discount notification on the product packaging and limiting each order size during the pre-discount period. In conclusion, Culinarian should implement a price promotion campaign in reaction to the demand of customers. Discount price will be applied to items based on the direction of boosting relationship between the company and retailers, and raise consumer awareness to the prestige brand name. With the appropriate calculation of discount rate and promotion tactics, market share is likely to increase and the profit margins will be brought to the new height.

GE Case Study - 2927 Words

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